Closeup images, like this one of a fly, are taken using macro lenses.
Macro lenses are used to take close-up shots of small objects, both animate or inanimate, in the process generally referred to as Macro Photography. The particular optics built into a macro lens afford the photographer a very close focusing distance, thus allowing to get right to the subject of the picture. In most cases, the macro lens will bring into focus anything in the close-up range - up to the very outer glass of the lens.
Macro Primes
Prime lenses, defined by a fixed focal length, provide for the most clarity and refinement of the image as they have the least amount of glass "interfering" between the subject and the photo plane, thus reproducing the image most faithfully and with the least distortion. High-quality primes, especially the ones crafted by Carl Zeiss and Nikon, remain in high esteem and are preferred for obtaining best results by professionals and hobbyists alike.
Macro Zooms
For those photographers engaged in a wide variety of picture-taking scenarios within one session, who would like to be able to switch quickly between macro and non-macro photography modes, zoom lenses with a macro function are a godsend. A small rotation of the lens's basis in the appointed direction turns your zoom lens into a macro lens and back in a split second, enabling the photographer to go from snapping a series of telephoto shots of a faraway subject to taking close-up pictures almost instantly and without a hitch. Such lenses are particularly popular with wildlife photographers, especially those working in unfamiliar environments.
Macro Tilt Lenses
For more whimsical photos, you may like to experiment with tilt macro lenses. Tilt lenses come with the front elements of the lenses literally tilted away from the axis of viewing, thus producing interesting optical effects of forced depth of field, with manipulates and modifies the sense of scale and distance. You may use it to emphasize or de-emphasize a nuance in your subject matter or introduce general distortion into the scene, challenging your viewer's perception.
Fun with Macro Lenses
Through fairly straightforward applications and armed with a bit of experience, you can produce stunning shots using macro lenses. A close-up world provides us with a delightful take on reality, presenting familiar things in a new way, opening them up to us in their full glorious subtlety and richness, which normally lay hidden from our skimming observation.
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