Comparison Of Digital Camera Features

Compare digital camera features

Before you purchase a new camera, you should always review several models to see how they compare in terms of price, quality and features. One of the most important things to do from the beginning is to determine your price range and figure out which features are most important to you. Be strategic about how you compare different camera models. Identify all models that fit within your price range, then compare the features of each model. Of course, you will need to know which features you actually require, depending on how you intend to use your camera. There are a few key questions you should mull over to help determine what digital camera features are best for you.

Lenses

Many digital camera models come with optical zoom lenses, ranging from 3X to up to 10X. It's important to remember that these zoom capabilities are software-based, digital features--the actual lens itself is a separate, mechanical consideration. A lens that has optical zoom tends to result in blurrier pictures than a standard zoom lens, but cameras with zoom lenses tend to be more expensive. In addition, if you do opt for optical zoom, the more you can zoom in, the more expensive this feature usually is.

Viewfinders and LCD Screens

The viewfinder is the small area you look through to see the picture. An LCD (liquid crystal display) screen can display an image on the small screen of exactly what the picture will look like before you take it and can display a preview after you take the shot. Almost all digital cameras come with an LCD screen. If you have poor eyesight, look for optical viewfinders with diopters that allow for easy adjustment of the focus. LCD screens can also partly function as viewfinders. The best LCD screens will offer clear image quality with the ability to swing between dim and bright settings.

Batteries

Do you prefer a digital camera that runs on traditional alkaline batteries, or do you prefer models that run on rechargeable lithium-ion batteries? Lithium-ion batteries last longer and can be recharged, but when they eventually lose their ability to be recharged, they will be more expensive to replace. Traditional alkaline batteries, on the other hand, allow you to buy batteries anywhere and change them when needed. You can also look at digital cameras that run on two different types of batteries, offering you a choice out in the field. This is particularly useful if your lithium-ion batteries suddenly die, in which case you can simply swap in alkaline batteries until you return home to charge the lithium-ion set.

Tags: digital camera, alkaline batteries, more expensive, optical zoom, camera features, camera models

Sony Lbtd550 Specifications

The LBT-D550 lets you record music to a cassette tape.

The Sony LBT-D550 is a bookshelf audio system that has two three-way speakers, a remote control, and a main unit which integrates a tuner, five-disc CD changer, dual cassette deck and amplifier. It offers not only the ability to play back music but also to record it from any source to an audio cassette.

Amplifier

The LBT-D550's amplifier is rated to produce 100 watts per channel, although this rating is at a relatively high 0.9% distortion level and is limited to a frequency range of 70 to 20,000 hertz. Sony only rates this amplifier when driving an eight ohm load, that of the included speakers. Regardless of output wattage, the amplifier's frequency range is 15 to 30,000 hertz, as measured with no more than a three decibel fall-off from flat response. It also has two auxiliary inputs--one for the audio from a video source and another for a turntable.

Tuner

The tuner on this unit contains both AM and FM bands. They both tune the full spectrum for their respective frequencies and have connections for external antennas, which are included.

Cassette Decks

Both cassette decks support type 1 ferric oxide and type 2 chromium dioxide tapes and offer Dolby B noise reduction. They have minimal wow-and-flutter, measured at 0.1% and have a frequency response of 40 to 13,000 hertz with type-1 tape. Using type-2 tape extends their high-frequency response to 14,000 hertz.

CD Changer

The LBT-D550's CD changer uses 780 to 790 nanometer light emitted by a laser to read CDs. It offers better than 90 decibels of channel separation and dynamic range and a signal-to-noise ratio of over 93 decibels. Its frequency response ranges from 2 to 20,000 hertz and its distortion levels are under 0.01%.

Dimensions

The Sony LBT-D550 measures 14 inches wide, 15-5/8 inches tall and 16 inches deep. It weighs 26-1/2 pounds. Each of its speakers weighs a little over 10-1/2 pounds and measures 10-1/4 inches wide, 18-3/4 inches tall and 7-3/8 inches deep.

Tags: frequency range, frequency range hertz, frequency response, inches deep, inches tall

Pantech Duo Instructions

The Pantech Duo from AT&T Wireless is a multifunction, dual-slider smartphone that makes good use of Internet connectivity. The Pantech Duo uses Microsoft's Windows Mobile 6 operating system and features a full QWERTY keyboard in addition to a standard phone keypad, a 1.3-megapixel digital camera, built-in Bluetooth support and advanced voice command technologies.

Getting Started

Activate your phone by calling the number provided or by visiting your local AT&T Wireless store.

Completely charge your phone before using it for the first time. When the charge is complete, the LED will display a green light. To turn your device on, press and hold the "End" key until the power-on logo appears. This key also turns the unit off.

To place a call, slide the phone keypad down, enter the phone number and then press the green "call" button. To place from the phonebook, press the right soft key under the word "Contacts" on the home screen. Select your contact and press "OK." Select the phone number that you want to call and press "OK" or "Call."

You can also make calls from your call-history lists. From the home screen, press "Start" and select "Call History" using the navigation keys. Select the appropriate name or phone number to call and press the "Call" button.

Answering Your Phone

Answer incoming calls by pressing the "Send" key or the soft key with the word "Answer" above it. You can answer a second incoming call by pressing the "Send" key or the "Answer" soft key. Switch between two calls by pressing the "Swap" soft key. End the second call by selecting the "End" key.

You can also set your phone to pick up calls when you press any key. At the home screen press "Start," then "Settings," then "Phone," and then "Call Options." Select "Any Key Answer" and press "OK" to save the changes.

Pair Your Bluetooth Device

Before you can use your wireless Bluetooth device with the Pantech Duo, the two devices must be "paired" to each other. From the home screen select "Start" and then "Settings." Click on "Connections" and then select "Bluetooth." Select "Turn on Visibility" and then click "Done." Follow your headset's pairing instructions to complete the pairing process.

QWERTY Keyboard

To use the QWERTY keyboard, slide the keyboard out to the left. Gently slide it back to close it. Use the left soft key from the home screen to access the main menu and the right soft key to access your contacts. Press and hold the "FN" key and then the appropriate key to type special characters and numbers. To type consecutive special characters or numbers, use the FN-Lock mode by holding the "FN" button for two seconds. Deactivate the lock mode by holding the "FN" key for two seconds.

Tags: home screen, phone number, your phone, call press, call press Call, calls pressing, characters numbers

Convert 35mm Slides To Jpg

Showing a video doesn't require special equipment, such as a slide projector.

Slides were popular in the 1960s and 1970s. They are less so today. thanks to the advent of computers, digital cameras and camcorders. Taking a sequence of pictures or a video is easy and doesn't require the special equipment of years past, such as slide projectors and specially developed film. To preserve those old 35mm memories, you can easily convert 35mm slides to JPG digital files with your home computer.

Instructions

1. Clean your 35mm slides with rubbing alcohol or other recommended cleaner. Gently wipe away fingerprints and dust or dirt.

2. Install any hardware-specific drivers for your adapter or scanner so it can communicate with Photoshop.

3. Position your slide within the 35mm slide scanner on the flatbed scanner, according to the manufacturer's instructions.

4. Open Photoshop and use the "Acquire" feature to obtain a scan of your slide. Set the resolution of your scan to at least 300 DPI.

5. Correct and adjust the image using the various filters and techniques available on Photoshop.

6. Save your file as a JPG.

Tags: 35mm slides, doesn require, doesn require special, require special, require special equipment, special equipment, such slide

Aa Battery Charger Instructions

AA Battery Charger Instructions

If you use items that run on AA batteries, where the battery drain tends to be intense and you have to replace them often, switching to rechargeable batteries can save you money in the long run. AA battery chargers come in all sizes allowing you to charge two, four and up to 20 AA batteries at a time. You can plug a charger into any standard wall socket or use an adapter to plug into your car's 12v socket. Some even have small solar panels to allow you to charge your batteries while outdoors. No matter what type you have, the AA battery charger instructions for each are the same.

Instructions

1. Plug your charger into your power source (wall socket or 12v car socket). If you're using a solar AA battery charger, don't plug it into anything. The cover to the battery compartment is the solar panel for the unit. Place it where it can receive the maximum sunlight for the maximum amount of hours.

2. Install your rechargeable batteries into the battery compartment of your AA charger (lift the cover on the solar charger to access the battery compartment). Make sure that the positive (+) end of the battery is pointed toward the positive (+) end of the compartment. There will be a (+) mark on both the battery and the charger to indicate which ends are positive. If you are using a solar charger make sure to close the cover when all of your batteries are loaded.

3. Look at the charge indicator light. It is typically located on the upper right or lower right corner of the charger battery compartment. It should be a solid red light. If the light is not on then check your power source (clean the top of the case if it is solar as there may be too much dust on it for the solar panel to work). If the light is red but flashing then remove each battery and wipe it with a paper towel to remove any debris that might be interfering with the connection and reinstall the batteries. If the light is still flashing red, remove one battery at a time until the light stops flashing and turns completely red. The battery you removed just before the light went solid red is bad and should be discarded.

4. Remove the batteries when the charge indicator is a solid green color. They are ready to be used.

Tags: battery compartment, battery charger, Battery Charger, Battery Charger Instructions, charge indicator

Install A Memory Card Into A Digital Camera

Install a Memory Card Into a Digital Camera

Digital cameras make taking pictures more convenient because you don't have to carry loads of rolls of film with you or wait until it is developed to see your pictures. However, many digital cameras have a very small built-in memory, which limits the number of pictures you can take. Most models allow you the option of adding a memory card to the camera, which can allow you to take hundreds or thousands of pictures as opposed to 10. While it may not be a difficult task to perform, if you do not install a memory card into your digital camera correctly, you can ruin the card and possibly the camera.

Instructions

1. Make sure the camera is off and slide open the cover that protects the memory card slot. In most digital cameras, this is in the battery area. If it is not there on your particular brand of camera, consult your user guide.

2. Look at your memory card, and on the back there will be metal contacts. Do not touch these contacts or expose them to dirt. Insert the memory card into the memory card slot with the metal contacts facing down into the camera. If you meet resistance when trying to insert the card, do not push. You may have it facing the wrong direction. Remove the card, flip it, and try inserting it again.

3. Slide the card slowly into the slot, and keep pressing on it gently until you feel it "click" into place.

4. Re-cover the memory slot compartment. To remove the card, gently press down on it until you feel it "click" and release, and then slide it out of the camera.

Tags: memory card, Card Into Digital, card slot, Digital Camera, digital cameras, feel click, Install Memory

What Is A Firewire Ieee 1394a Adapter

PC cards can provide additional FireWire ports.

A FireWire IEEE 1394A adapter allows you to connect devices using this standard to your laptop or desktop computer. Depending on your specific needs, you can choose from a variety of adapters that convert data to the FireWire IEEE 1394A format or from this format to another standard like USB 2.0.

Background

Apple introduced the 1394A standard in 1995. This interface, which is also known as Firewire, i.Link and Lynx, connects peripherals to a computer, allowing them to transfer data. Audio and video equipment often uses this interface. The FireWire standard has a data transfer capacity range between 400 and 3,200 megabits per second.

From FireWire

A Firewire adapter can provide an interface between an 1394A port on a peripheral and the newer, smaller 1394B FireWire ports on modern computers. This type of 1394A adapter prolongs the longevity and usefulness of external hardware that would otherwise be incompatible with newer computers. Firewire adapters can also convert Firewire ports to a different data transfer standard. For example, one type of adapter converts a female FireWire 1394A port into a female USB port. This type of adapter allows you to add additional USB ports to your computer.

To FireWire

Other Firewire IEEE 1391A adapters add Firewire ports to your computer. These adapters typically come on a card that plugs into a PC Card or ExpressCard slot on the computer. These adapters allow you to connect Firewire devices to your computer. If you don't have a free motherboard slot, an Ethernet-to-FireWire adapter can serve the same purpose.

Considerations

Consult the product description of a FireWire IEEE 1394A adapter to determine if the adapter will provide an adequate data transmission rate. The IEEE 1394A adapter may have transfer rates that are slower than another standard. FireWire has a maximum speed of 3.2GB per second, while USB 3.0, for example, supports 4.8GB per second. If speed is a priority, consider adding a faster type of port.

Tags: IEEE 1394A, FireWire IEEE 1394A, IEEE 1394A adapter, your computer, 1394A adapter

Manual Focusing Instructions For A 35mm Camera

Auto focus cameras dominate the world of photography. Every camera type from point-and-shoot to the advanced digital single-lens-reflex (DSLR) makes use of auto focus lens technology. Is it possible to still focus a lens the old-fashioned manual way? Yes, the possibility still exists. Essentially all 35mm camera lenses offer manual focus options. Today's advanced features in auto focus technology like selective and multizone focus came about because of the way manual focus technicians worked many years ago.

The lens

The technology lies in the lens, not in the camera. Manual focus of a lens, either an auto focus lens or a manual focus lens, relies on the lens' ability to move its internal glass elements forward and backward until the path of light directed through the elements recreates the original scene as accurately as possible. Lenses come in various shapes and forms, but for 35mm cameras they all have the following elements: focusing ring, zoom ring (on zoom lenses) focal length, zoom range, aperture and distance indicators and lens mount. The lens works in tandem with the camera's sensors or, in the case of much older lenses, switches, to allow the user to accurately focus an image.

In practice

Mount the lens on the camera body and look through the camera's viewfinder. 35mm cameras have a mirror and focusing screen inside the body just behind the lens. The mirror reflects the image up through the viewfinder while the focusing screen acts as an aid to refine image focus. The focusing screen typically has an additional element to aid with critical focus sometimes called a split image. A split-image screen has a circle split in two parts in the center of the viewfinder. For an out-of-focus subject, the split image does not align. Turning the lens barrel until the two semi-circles align into a circle achieves sharp focus. If the viewfinder does not use a split image, then turning the lens barrel makes the image slowly come into focus against the matte surface of the focusing screen. Turn the lens barrel counterclockwise for images farther away and clockwise for images closer to the camera.

Some cameras, like the Nikon N90s, have additional focus confirmation LEDs in the camera. Used in manual focus mode, these LEDs light up to inform the user which direction to turn the lens to achieve sharp focus. When accurately focused, a green LED lights up as confirmation.

Tips

A few tips on manual focus lenses will help you achieve consistently good results. When photographing people, the eyes become the focal point. If needed, focus on the eyes, recompose the image and then shoot. When shooting elements with graphic structures (trees, buildings, bricks, etc.) try to use vertical lines within your composition to aid with focus. Telephoto lenses have a higher susceptibility to bad focus techniques than wide-angle lenses; therefore, use a tripod with telephoto lenses whenever possible. Unlike single-touch zoom lenses that use a single ring for focus and zoom action, two-touch zooms use separate rings for each action, making them slightly slower in actual use.

Tags: focus lens, manual focus, focusing screen, auto focus, lens barrel, split image, 35mm cameras

Broadcast Text Messages On An Iphone

IPhone software version 1.1.3 allows you to send text, or SMS, messages to multiple recipients at the same time, otherwise known as broadcasting. Not available in previous versions of the iPhone, version 1.1.3 makes broadcasting an easy way to keep a group of recipients informed and updated on important information without having to send the message to each name on the list individually.

Instructions

1. Bring up the iPhone home screen.

2. Touch the "SMS" (or text message) icon on the iPhone's screen. This opens and enables the iPhone SMS, or texting, function.

3. Go to the right side of the iPhone screen and touch the "Writing" icon at the top of the screen.

4. Tap the plus sign at the right side of the iPhone screen.

5. Enter a recipient for the broadcast text message in the message's "To" field.

6. Tap the iPhone plus sign a second time.

7. Enter a second recipient for the broadcast text message into the "To" field.

8. Repeat Steps 4 through 7 until all intended recipients of the broadcast text message are added in the "To" field.

9. Compose the broadcast text message.

10. Touch "Send" to broadcast the text message to all the listed recipients.

Tags: text message, broadcast text, broadcast text message, iPhone screen, plus sign

Copy Magnetic Cassette Tape To Digital

Copying cassette tapes to digital requires a tape deck and computer equipped with a sound card and recording software. Most newer computers are bundled with recording software, although free programs are available for downloading over the Internet. A Y-adapter with RCA-style jacks on one end and a 3.5mm mini-plug on the other will be necessary to connect the tape deck to the PC or laptop. Once the magnetic tape has been converted and saved to the computer's hard drive, the new digital file can be burned to a CD or uploaded to an MP3 player or iPod.

Instructions

1. Hook up the audio cables to the tape deck's "Playback" or "Audio OUT" jacks, using the red plug for the right channel and the white plug for the left audio channel.

2. Insert the plugs on the other ends of the cables into a Y-adapter (available at electronics stores), then insert the mini-plug on the Y-adapter into the computer sound card, which is a jack usually labeled "Aux In" and located on the back of the PC's central processing unit (CPU) or along the back edge of a laptop.

3. Open the recording software (see Resources section) installed on the computer by double-clicking the name of the program.

4. Insert a cassette tape in the deck and press "Play."

5. Click "Record" on the recording software. The button should feature a red circle in the center.

6. Click the "Stop" button when finished recording. Then click the "File" tab and choose "Save As."

7. Type a name for the digital recording and select "Save as .WAV," which is a file type suitable for burning to a CD or uploading to an MP3 or iPod.

8. Click "OK" to save the digital recording to the computer's hard drive.

Tags: recording software, tape deck, computer hard, computer hard drive, digital recording

Take Good Closeup Photos Of Jewelry To Sell

Picture perfect photos mean more sales

Clear pictures are essential to a successful sale. Since buyers will not see your jewelry in person before purchasing, detailed, informative photos are the best way to represent style, condition, size and everything else they want to know. Take useful photographs of your jewelry by setting up a background and lighting, and by focusing on certain aspects of each piece.

Instructions

1. Set a plain bed sheet or a blank piece of paper on a flat surface to serve as a background, and position a lamp so it clearly shows the jewelry without causing much glare.

2. Set your camera to take pictures in a high resolution, without flash, and using the macro setting. This setting is sometimes symbolized by a flower or magnifying glass. If your camera does not have a macro setting, try the closest zoom setting.

3. Take a photo of the entire piece. This photo should help the buyer to get a feel of the piece as a whole, the rest of your photos will focus on specific details. Place a ruler next to the piece to show size.

4. Take close-up pictures of details of your piece. Emphasize what makes the piece special, such as scroll work or a unique stone.

5. Take photos of wear or damage to the piece, because it is important to present an accurate representation to your buyers. Show where it is located on the piece and how noticeable it will be during wear.

6. Photograph all stamping or engraving on the piece. For example, sterling silver pieces will have a 925 stamp. These marks assure buyers that your piece is authentic.

Tags: macro setting, your camera, your jewelry, your piece

Use A Shooting Tripod

Tripods are used to stabilize and support a camera.

A tripod is used most often in video work and slow shutter speed photography. The device stabilizes the camera to reduce shake and allow for precise positioning. Tripods come in a variety of styles and have numerous features, but most tripods have a few basic elements: three collapsible legs, the head attachment, a few levels and a pan handle. These elements can help you ensure the tripod is straight and solid.

Instructions

1. Extend the tripod legs one at a time to the ground. Lock each leg individually, making sure each is about the same length if you are a flat surface.

2. Use the levels, if your model has them, to adjust the length of each individual legs by placing the small bubble within the two level marks. These are most useful when shooting on uneven terrain.

3. Attach the camera to the tripod. Some can be simply screwed on, while others have a release plate that the camera must be attached to first.

4. Loosen the tripod head and use the pan handle to orient the camera.

5. Tighten the tripod head if you are shooting a static shot. If you plan on moving the camera, leave the head slightly loose and use the pan handle to move the camera.

6. Unscrew the camera or detach the release plate when finished. Collapse each of the legs and place them together when finished.

Tags: camera tripod, release plate, tripod head, when finished

Clean A Digital Slr Camera

If you've made the big leap to purchase a digital SLR camera, you'll certainly want to keep it in good condition. As part of your maintenance routine, you'll need to clean your camera at regular intervals. While this task may seem tedious, regular cleaning maximizes the quality of your pictures and extends the longevity of your camera. Read on to learn more.

Instructions

1. Prepare an area for cleaning your camera. Dust the area thoroughly and place a bright lamp or light over your work space.

2. Use a lint-free cloth to clean the exterior of your camera. Wet the cloth slightly to reach dust in corners of the camera.

3. Attach your camera to the AC adaptor before cleaning.

4. Read your manual to determine set your camera to the cleaning mode. This is usually done on your menu. Cleaning mode opens your shutter, exposing the sensor.

5. Utilize your blower to gently blow away any dust from the sensor.

6. Place a small amount of cleaning solution on your sensor cleaning swab. Gently wipe the swab across the sensor in one smooth motion. Flip the swab and wipe across the sensor again, heading back to where you started.

7. Blow away any residual dust. Return your camera's settings to normal. Finish by using a cloth to clean your camera's lens.

Tags: your camera, across sensor, clean your, clean your camera, cloth clean

Connect Multiple A/V Cameras To A Pc

Find out how you can connect multiple cameras to your computer.

Security DVRs (digital video recorders) are used to manage and record the audio and video streams from one or more security cameras. But if you don't have a security DVR, a computer can make a reliable stand-in. With a multi-channel USB DVR device, you can connect multiple cameras to your computer. And just like a standard security DVR, you can use the multi-channel USB DVR to monitor or record the audio and video streams from the camera to your computer's hard drive.

Instructions

1. Plug the USB end of your USB DVR into a USB port on your computer and then install the device using its included software.

2. Connect each of your camera to the USB DVR using a male-to-male composite video cable. Plug one end of the cable into the camera's yellow video output and then connect the opposite end of the cable to a yellow composite video port on the USB DVR -- follow the same procedure for the other camera.

3. Connect any audio feeds from you cameras using a male-to-male stereo RCA audio cable. Match the red and white ends, on one side of the cable, to the red and white stereo RCA outputs on the camera. Match the red and white RCA ends, on the opposite side of the cable, to the red and white RCA inputs on the USB DVR.

4. Power on your cameras.

Tags: your computer, audio video, audio video streams, cable white, cameras your, cameras your computer

Watch Deer Feeding On Live Camera

Seeing animals interacting in their natural environment is not an everyday occurrence. However, with live camera feeds set up in wild habitats, the public can view animals as they go about their lives. Several wildlife reservations and national parks have set cameras up for viewing on their websites. These act as a helpful resource for those involved with studying animal behavior and also hunters who want to view how deer behave when no one is around.

Instructions

1. Go to the Dakota-Wild website and click on the "Live Cams" option (see Resources). Click on the "login" option. To create an account, click on the "Sign Up" option. Enter in all the required information and then click on the "Join" button at the bottom of the page. You then must sign up for a Trophy membership to be able to view the deer feeding cameras.

2. Go to the Real Dear Hunting Chat website for a live streaming video of deer (see Resources). Click the "Play" button to view the deer. You can also join the members on the website to chat about the streaming video.

3. Go to the Trinity Mountain Outdoors website for over 140 links to live animal cameras (see Resources). For cameras that are specifically for viewing deer, scroll down the list of website links to the "Animal Web Cams" heading.

4. Click on the "Deer Cam" link to go to the Smokey Bend Ranch website, which features a number of whitetail deer. Below the camera feed you'll see that the best times to see the deer are between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m., and between 6 p.m and 12 p.m.

5. Click on the "Deer Cam Photos" option to see several stills of the deer caught on the live camera. Some pictures even include captured times in which the deer were eating.

Tags: view deer, Click Deer, live camera, Resources Click, streaming video

Troubleshoot A Canon Rebel Xti

Though a DSLR camera like the Canon Digital Rebel XTi is complex in terms of its photographic settings and the level of control it affords photographers, troubleshooting it is actually pretty simple. Point-and-shoot cameras can be difficult to troubleshoot, since you can't access the different parts of the camera, but not so the XTi. With the Digital Rebel, you can safely remove components to focus troubleshooting.

Instructions

1. Turn the camera's power switch to "On," and remove the lens cap. Look through the viewfinder (or LCD screen) and tap the shutter button half way. If nothing happens, begin troubleshooting the battery. First, ensure that the battery cover door is closed fully; when the latch isn't locked, the camera doesn't function. Likewise check that the memory card cover is completely shut. If pressing the shutter button turns the camera off, the battery is near exhaustion. It may have enough life to power up the camera, but doesn't have juice to drive the autofocus motor, which you activate by tapping the shutter button. Recharge the battery, and try to recreate the problems. Batteries don't last forever, and if your battery is running though a charge quickly, it's time to get another one.

2. Tap the shutter button halfway and look for an error code in the viewfinder or on the LCD screen. Canon lists five common error codes for the Digital Rebel XTi. Error 01 indicates that the lens contacts aren't connected properly or are dirty. Remove the lens and wipe the contacts with a clean, dry, anti-static cloth, and then reattach it. Error 02 points to a memory card problem, which could be as simple as a full card. Eject the card and insert a new one. Error 04 is another memory card issue, but is more specific: The camera detects a faulty memory card. Replace the memory card. Error 05 is a communication error; power the camera off and back on to overcome this. Finally, Error 99 is Canon's catch-all error code, indicating memory card problems, a faulty battery or a lens compatibility error, which is the most common cause of Error 99. Try removing the lens and reattaching it and then shooting in manual focus mode.

3. Check your photos for spots and flecks of dirt and debris. Press the "Play" button to enter review mode, and look for the same distortion on different shots. White specks aren't a malfunction of your camera, but digital noise created by low-light and high ISO value. Black spots are usually dust, and might sometime appear in only one shot. Check the end of your lens for visible dust. Turn the camera on and off to engage the auto dust cleaning feature, which works like a miniature vacuum. If the distortion remains, remove the lens and check the camera-end of the lens for dust. Try another lens to see if you can recreate the problem. If the problem occurs with different lenses, you may have to manually clean your sensor.

Tags: memory card, shutter button, Digital Rebel, camera doesn, Check your, error code, power camera

Lean Sigma Projects

Lean sigma project teams lead the way in continuous improvement.

The focus of lean manufacturing is efficiency --- reducing waste and increasing speed. Six sigma focuses on quality --- eliminating defects by reducing process variability. Lean sigma combines both disciplines to achieve the joint goals of speed and quality. Continuous improvement projects led by cross-functional teams are major drivers of organizational change.

Lean Sigma Project Philosophy

Lean six sigma, or lean sigma as it is more commonly called, follows a structured approach to problem solving and continuous improvement projects. The goal of lean sigma culture in an organization is not to overhaul every aspect of the company all at once.

Instead, through small, manageable projects, daily processes are streamlined and rendered free of defects over time. The sharing of best practices through an organization is what allows even a small project completed by a single person to positively impact an entire corporation.

Types of Lean Sigma Projects

Kaizen is a term which includes all lean sigma projects. It is a combination of the Japanese words kai and and zen and simply means "continuous improvement." Some kaizen projects are the work of only moments while others take considerable time and energy. Not all projects require the full lean sigma tool set.

Quick wins are continuous improvement projects that can be implemented quickly and begin delivering results as soon as they are complete. A quick win could be as simple as moving a tool cabinet a few feet to clear a walking path.

Mistake-proofing projects implement measures designed to make it impossible to make a mistake at a given process step. An example of mistake proofing would be creating a jig so that a part can only be installed in the proper direction.

So-called 5S projects are focused on improving safety and efficiency through organization, maintenance, and cleanliness of a work area; 5S stands for sort, set in order, standardize, systematic cleaning and sustain.

DMAIC problem-solving projects are the most involved lean sigma projects. These projects may require cross functional teams with several members and will require the use of more advanced lean sigma tools.

DMAIC Methodology

DMAIC is an acronym that stands for define, measure, analyze, improve and control. The five phases of DMAIC offer a structured approach to problem solving within the lean sigma system.

During the define phase, the project charter is created, spelling out the problem which needs to be solved, the scope of the project, the business case for spending resources on solving the problem and the expected return on investment. The measure phase involves "walking the process," or going to the actual place where the work is done and seeing the process first hand . Team members walk through and map out the various steps of the process and gather data on the current state of the process.

During the analyze phase, root cause analysis leads the team to the heart of the problem that needs to be solved. Defect opportunities observed during the measure phase will be prioritized by calculating their potential impact using tools like Pareto charts and failure mode effect analysis, or FMEA.

The improve phase of the project is where potential solutions to the defect opportunities prioritized in the previous phase are proposed, tested and refined. The major deliverable of the improve phase is the improvement plan, a document which spells out the specific steps and resources needed to improve and control the process.

Finally, the control phase begins after the improvement plan has been implemented. The control phase goes on indefinitely because its goal is to keep the process from deteriorating back into its prior state.

Assembling a Lean Sigma Project Team

The size of your team will depend on the scope of the project. A quick win may only require one or two people to complete. However a full scale DMAIC project may require several.

Your project team will need to include a project leader, usually a lean sigma green belt or black belt, a recorder to keep notes and representatives from each functional area that is a stakeholder of the process. A stakeholder is anyone who will be affected by the outcome of the project.

Stakeholder management is a critical and often overlooked factor when lean sigma projects are put together. While a team can come up with great ideas during the improve phase, a project will ultimately fail to deliver on its promise if it is not accepted into the organizational culture. Seeking the input of all interested parties will help avoid resistance when the improvement plan is put in place.

Tags: continuous improvement, improve phase, improvement plan, improvement projects, lean sigma, lean sigma projects, phase project

Fix The Tuning Knob On A Ft990

The FT-990 is an amateur radio reciver manufactured by the Japan-based company, Yaesu Musen, between the years 1991 to 1999. The radio is favored by HAM radio amateurs because of user-friendly and ergonomic design. The receiver packs 100 watts of transmitter power and tunes to all frequencies between 100 kHz and 30 MHz. Frequencies are easily changed by the use of a central tuning dial. If the tuner doesn't respond, then repair with some tools around the house.

Instructions

1. Unplug the transceiver from the wall electrical socket and set on a bench or table.

2. Use a screwdriver to remove the case screws. There are approximately 10 case screws located on the back and on both sides of the transceiver.

3. Set the screws aside and remove the top cover of the transceiver.

4. Examine the back of the tuning knob inside the transceiver. There should be a tuning band, which is a small rubber belt that runs from the back of the tuning knob controller to a small, plastic sprocket to the immediate left. If the tuning knob will not respond, the tuning band has either become worn, popped or came off the track.

5. Use a pair of needle-nose pliers to set the tuning band back on the track. If the band has popped, replace with a new one and install with needle-nose pliers.

6. Re-assemble the casing, plug the transceiver in and power up to test the tuning controller.

Tags: tuning band, back tuning, back tuning knob, case screws, needle-nose pliers, tuning knob

Free Instructions For The Ae1 Program & Canon 50mm Camera

The Canon AE-1 Program with attached 50mm lens makes for a competent SLR kit.

Originally produced in 1981 by Canon, the AE-1 Program ranks among the most popular single lens reflex (SLR) cameras ever made. The AE-1 Program is the culmination of Canon's "A" series, encompassing all of the features available in the original AE-1 (1976) and the A-1 (1978). A sharp, fast Canon FD mount f/1.8 50mm lens was attached to the camera. As is true for the camera body itself, the lens is easy to adjust and focus with help from the following steps -- and a bit of practice.

Instructions

1. Mount the Canon 50mm lens onto the front of the AE-1 Program body by aligning the red positioning point on the lens with the red dot above the camera mount. Turn the lens clockwise until it clicks into place.

2. Remove the action grip, located on the front left of the camera body, by inserting the edge of a small coin into the slot and turning counterclockwise. Beneath the action grip is the battery compartment. Remove the small plastic viewfinder cover from the accessory shoe on top of the camera's prism. Fit the tab on the viewfinder cover into the slot on the battery cover and lift the compartment lid. Insert a fresh PX-28 6-volt battery into the compartment, negative (-) end first. Close the compartment lid and replace the viewfinder cover.

3. Open the back cover by pulling up on the film rewind knob, located on the top left of the camera body. Insert the 35mm cartridge into the film chamber on the left side of the camera, protruding end facing down. Push the rewind knob down so it engages the cartridge. Stretch the film leader (beginning of the roll protruding from the cartridge) across the camera and insert it into a slot on the take-up spool. Advance the film once using the lever at the top right of the camera body, ensuring that the sprocket holes near the edges of the film are engaged. Close the back cover. Fire several blank shots, advancing the film after each shot, until the frame counter (above the shutter speed dial on top of the camera) reads "1."

4. Change the ISO (or ASA) rating using the dial on the top left of the camera. Press the lock release button near the edge of the dial and turn it until the ISO number which corresponds to the speed of your film lines up with the green marker. This step is very important as it informs all of the camera's subsequent "PROGRAM" functions, including metering and aperture selection. If the dial is set to an incorrect ISO value, your pictures may be ruined. The speed rating of your film can be found on the cartridge (common speeds are ISO 100, 200, 400 and 800).

5. Set the main switch (located on the top right corner of the camera) to "A" and turn the shutter speed dial to "PROGRAM" mode. Compose your photograph by pointing the camera at a subject and looking through the viewfinder. Focus your subject by turning the focus ring (at the front end of the 50mm lens) to the right for close-ups or to the left for distant shots. You may also use the distance scale printed on the lens to estimate effective focus range.

6. Depress the shutter button halfway to activate the AE-1 Program's light meter. Look through the viewfinder to ensure that lighting permits a proper exposure -- a green "P" and a suitable aperture value selected by the meter will appear in the right side of the viewfinder. Fully depress the shutter to take the picture. If the green "P" blinks repeatedly, use a tripod to avoid camera shake. If "16" blinks, the shot will be overexposed (too much light); if "1.8" blinks, the shot will be underexposed (not enough light). Increase shutter speed for overexposed photos and decrease shutter speed for underexposed photos.

7. Rewind the film once you have reached the end of the roll by depressing the small recessed button on the underside of the camera. Pull out the lever on the rewind knob and rotate it in the direction of the engraved arrow. Continue rewinding until there is no tension during rotation or until the frame counter reads "S." Open the back cover and remove the film canister.

Tags: AE-1 Program, 50mm lens, camera body, shutter speed, back cover, into slot

Bud Earphone Advantages

Bud earphones go right into your ear canal, instead of over it like standard earphones. While some people find this type of earphones uncomfortable, they also offer a number of advantages---namely, in their size and convenience. Earbuds experienced a resurgence in the early 21st century with the advent of the new portability of music brought about by the iPod and other MP3 players.

Size

The biggest advantage is in bud earphones' size. MP3 players have become so small that they are often substantially smaller than standard headphones. This means that standard headphones are often less convenient than the MP3 player they attach to. Bud earphones solve this problem, however; they're small enough to simply wrap around the MP3 player and slip into a bag or pocket. Some even come with a spool into which you can crank the cord, which makes storing them even easier.

Bass

Bud earphones offer extremely good bass response for their size. Though many music listeners associate bass with larger headphones, earbuds' ability to go directly into the ear renders the size of the speaker irrelevant. Thus, bud earphones can often give a better musical experience than regular earphones or standard speakers.

Noise Cancellation

Bud earphones' noise cancellation capabilities in relation to expense remains unparalleled as of 2010. Noise-canceling headphones that go over the ear can become very expensive. However, bud earphones can cancel all or most ambient noise by---again---going right into the ear. This means that you can listen to music without having to turn the volume up really high, which risks damage to your ear.

Tags: means that, right into, standard headphones, their size, This means

How Long Do Cordless Phone Batteries Last

Your cordless phone battery should last between one and three years on average.

Cordless phones use many different types of rechargeable batteries, depending on the manufacturer and phone model. Phones are shipped with the battery charge nearly depleted so it's important to fully charge the battery, usually overnight, before you use the phone. It may take several charge cycles to maximize your battery's charge. Once charged, the battery should last anywhere from one to three years based on your usage and treatment of the battery.

Charging a New Battery

Cordless phones are shipped with the battery nearly depleted. You may still be able to turn the phone on with the small, remaining charge. However, it is important to fully charge the battery before using it. Plug the AC adapter for the charger into the wall and then insert the phone into the charger, making sure it is fully seated in the cradle. Depending on your model, you may see a charging symbol or light appear on the handset or phone base. Let the phone charge overnight before using.

Battery Talk Time

How long you can use your phone on a fully charged battery varies. It depends on the age of the battery, the model and features of the phone and the power demands of the equipment. You can find out how long your phone battery should last from information included with your phone or through a buyer's guide such as CNET or "Consumer Reports." Fully charged batteries typically are good for eight to 12 hours, but it could be longer or much shorter.

How Long Will a Battery Last?

A rechargeable battery will gradually lose its ability to hold a charge over time. Generally, a battery can hold a full charge for between 500 to 800 charge/recharge cycles. A charge cycle is the total depletion and then recharge of the battery. But most people don't run the battery down every time before they charge it. Batteries should last an average of between one and three years.

Storing a Battery

If you won't be using your cordless phone for an extended period, you should properly store the battery to maximize its life. Run the battery down to approximately 30% of the charge and remove it from the phone, if possible. Store the battery in a cool, dark place such as the door of your refrigerator--not the freezer!

Recycle Rechargeable Batteries

When it's time to replace your rechargeable batteries, don't just throw them in the trash. Batteries contain metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and nickel can pollute the environment if not disposed of properly. Some states, like California, require that you recycle your old batteries. You can look up where to recycle your used batteries in Resources below.

Tags: should last, battery should, battery should last, three years, your phone, battery charge, battery down

Connect Multiple Flashes To A Pocket Wizard

Multiple studio flash units can often be connected to a single Pocket Wizard remote trigger.

The Pocket Wizard series of photographic flash remote triggers provides a flexible way to connect many brands of cameras and studio flash equipment without wires. Usually, a single Pocket Wizard device is connected to each flash unit, but it is possible to connect multiple flash units to a single Pocket Wizard trigger using an adapter cable. The key is to be careful about the "trigger voltage" supplied by each flash unit since some, mostly older units use very high voltages not compatible with modern flashes and electronic cameras.

Instructions

1. Plug the M3H adapter headphone-style plug into the matching opening on the Pocket Wizard. Place the Pocket Wizard on one of the flash stands or another elevated location with the antenna oriented vertically for good communication with the camera unit.

2. Place the 16-foot cord of the M3H adapter cable so that the three-way outlet is central to the flashes to be connected.

3. Connect a household-style-to-flash connector cable to each flash unit. Flash unit connectors vary. The connector could plug in like a household lamp, insert with a screw on retainer ring (PC) or plug in like a headphone connector.

4. Collect the household ends of each flash unit cable and plug each into the M3H adapter. Be careful to match the polarity of the connector; one plug blade is larger than the other.

5. Charge the flashes and press the "Test" button on the Pocket Wizard connected to the camera to test the installation.

Tags: Pocket Wizard, each flash, each flash unit, flash unit, single Pocket, single Pocket Wizard

Install An Mds 9710

The MDS 9710 is a digital radio transceiver manufactured by General Electric, designed to receive radio signals from networked Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint environments. By using microprocessor control and a special digital signal processing (DSP) technology, the MDS 9710 is superbly reliable and can maintain communication with other networked transceiver units even under extreme conditions. As the MDS 9710 is designed to work with other brands of data equipment, installing it is relatively straightforward.

Instructions

1. Install the two included mounting brackets on the bottom of the MDS 9710, one on each side, using the screws supplied with the MDS 9710 and a screwdriver.

2. Place the transceiver on the surface where you wish to mount it and mark the position of the screw holes on the mounting surface, using a permanent marker.

3. Remove the MDS 9710 from the surface. Drill a hole in each marked spot of the surface using a drill and 3/32 drill bit.

4. Position the MDS 9710 back on the surface and insert the included bolts through the mounting bracket and holes. Apply the nuts and tighten them with a ratchet.

5. Connect the Type-N coaxial cable from the antenna to the rear low-loss feed line connection, labeled "ANTENNA" on the MDS 9710 transceiver. Screw the end of the coaxial cable clockwise to secure it.

6. Connect a DB-25 cable from the data source computer to the rear "DATA INTERFACE" connector on the MDS 9710. Turn the screws on both sides of the connector clockwise to secure the cable to the unit.

7. Connect the included power supply cable to a power source that supplies between 10.5 to 16 Vdc and that provides a minimum of 2.5 amperes of continuous current. Connect the red line to the power source positive lead and the black line to the power source negative lead.

8. Plug the power supply cable into the port labeled "13.8 VDC" on the back of the MDS 9710 transceiver.

Tags: power source, 9710 transceiver, cable from, clockwise secure, coaxial cable

Attach A Nikon Camera To An Etx90 Telescope

You can capture close-up images of the moon with a telescope.

Astrophotography, or taking photos of space, is a hobby for many space enthusiasts. A powerful telescope, such as a Meade ETX-90, makes it simple to get high-quality photos of of the stars and nearby planets. However, before you can start snapping photos, you must first connect a camera to the telescope. Camera-to-telescope adapters, usually referred to as T-adapters, are readily available to fit any SLR camera. The adapter needed depends on what type of camera you have, so if you have a Nikon, you need to use an adapter made specially for a Nikon camera.

Instructions

1. Press the lens release button and turn the lens counter-clockwise to remove it from the camera body. When looking at the front of the camera, the lens release button is located just to the right of the lens.

2. Install a T-ring in place of the lens on the camera. The T-ring screws into the camera the same way the lens does, with a clockwise turn.

3. Screw the T-adapter into the T-ring. The threads on the wide end of the adapter should easily screw into the internal threads on the T-ring. Make sure the adapter is screwed in tightly.

4. Unscrew the photo port disc on the backside of the telescope. There is a noticeable round, black disc that you must turn counter-clockwise to remove. Set the disc aside in a safe place.

5. Screw the T-adapter into the camera port on the telescope. Make sure the adapter is snug to ensure the camera does not fall.

Tags: counter-clockwise remove, into camera, lens release, lens release button, Make sure, Make sure adapter

Uses Of A 35mm Lens With A Digital Slr

The 35mm lens is a highly versatile focal length.

In terms of photographic equipment, "35mm" refers to the focal length of a lens for use on a single lens reflex (SLR) camera. Digital SLRs with full-frame sensors, which are the same size as the frame space on traditional 35mm film, can use both old and new lenses as long as the mounts are compatible. The 35mm focal length is diverse, allowing for application in a variety of shooting situations.

Landscapes and Architecture

The 35mm lens is typically classified as a normal-wide. This means that it offers a larger field of view than a normal 50mm lens without distorting straight lines or causing vignetting (loss of quality at the corners or edges of the frame), which begins to appear at around 28 mm depending on the specific lens. A wide field of view and resistance to optical distortion makes 35 mm an ideal length for shooting sweeping landscapes or towering architecture. In your resulting shots, horizon lines will remain straight and buildings, even when captured from a low angle, will not appear to bulge toward the camera.

Event and Group Occasions

Fit everyone in with a 35mm lens.

Trying to photograph a bustling wedding after-party or a sports team's victory celebration with a long focal length can be limiting. Because of the tight field of view, you'll be forced to crop out important details of the scene, or only photograph small groups at a time. Attaching a 35mm lens will allow you to capture large groups or create full-body portraits from a short distance. If you wish to include visual elements of the scene, such as an interesting group of trees or a sunset in the background, this focal length provides a wide enough field of view for you to do so.

Candid and Street

Most 35 mms are more compact than most 50mm lenses, and surely smaller than any telephoto (generally, lenses with focal lengths greater than 70 mm). This compactness allows you to maintain a low profile while making candid portraits, as the subject will be less drawn to the heft of your camera. A 35 mm is also beneficial when shooting in the street. Again the lens's size will allow you to remain nonintrusive, and the wide field of view will allow you to capture buildings and storefronts without having to back up into the path of vehicles. Shorter focal lengths are also more forgiving to focusing errors, so you can shoot on the fly without worry.

Low Light or Night Shots

You can capture brilliant night scenes even without a tripod.

Generally, the slowest shutter speed that should be used without the use of a tripod is 1 over the focal length of a given lens. For example, when you're using a 35mm lens, a shutter speed of 1/30th of a second will provide acceptably sharp results even while hand-holding your camera. This allows you to use your camera in environments that usually require a slow shutter speed in addition to a wide aperture (lens opening), such as the dim interior of a museum or a lit city street at night. Though you can always crank up your ISO (sensor sensitivity) when shooting in low light, this often results in a grainy, speckled image. For smooth, crisp images without the assistance of a tripod, a 35mm lens is your choice.

Tags: focal length, 35mm lens, field view, shutter speed, will allow

How Do Old Film Cameras Work

How Do Old Film Cameras Work

The Film

Old cameras work using a special thin strip of film. The film is treated with a special light sensitive chemical that works by causing a chemical change when sunlight strikes the film. The more light exposed to the film, the more exposed the film will become. Too much light can overexpose the film, completely ruining the photo.

The Lens

The lens controls how much light focuses on the film. The lens uses a field of focus to determine how large the image will be on the film, as well as how clear the image will be when developed.

The Shutter

Though the lens focuses the light, it's the shutter that is the actual light control. By using the shutter you can choose a long or short exposure (to light) to control the finished image on the film.

The Iris

The iris works by further reducing the exposure light to the film. The aperture located inside the iris also changes the field of focus to allow objects both close to the camera and far away from the camera to stay clear and sharp. Without the iris parts of the image would remain blurry.

Film Developing

One of the fundamental differences between old film cameras and new digital cameras is the developing process. With digital cameras there is no film. This removes many of the problems associated with exposing the film. In film cameras, the film is developed using chemicals called couplers. As each type of coupler is exposed to the film it creates a different color. The exposure to the couplers also seals the film so that it is no longer sensitive to light.

Tags: exposed film, digital cameras, exposure light, field focus, film cameras, Film Cameras Work

Dj With A Macbook

Many DJ programs are designed to visually simulate a set of live turntables.

MacBooks are known for their sleek design and easy user interface, and programs like iTunes make it extremely simple to play and organize your music. There are a number of disc jockey software programs for MacBooks that use iTunes or other audio players to create club quality mixing and beat match between songs. Most programs require little or no understanding of disc jockeying and most can be found for free or purchased inexpensively.

Instructions

Djay

1. Djay is a downloadable DJ software program for Mac OS X that uses your iTunes library to let you cue up songs, create endless loops and seamlessly fade and transition between songs. The interface is designed to visually simulate the classic "two turntables and a microphone" setup of an old school DJ. Choose a song from your iTunes library and Djay will begin to a play the song, allowing you to loop a beat at any point in the song, match tempo and beats with another song cued up, and fade between the two with an easy to use interface. The program has an auto pilot function, which mixes music and playlists automatically, and has a record function for recording mixes and podcasts.

2. Ask The DJ is a free automatic DJ program available for download that uses iTunes to create hours of uninterrupted play, based off of keywords you type into the engine. Ask The DJ scans your iTunes library, analyzing tracks for similar genres and beat patterns, then matches and mixes beats, as well as synchs volume level to create a seamless, continuous groove. As Ask The DJ is a very "hands off" program, it is excellent for occasions where you don't want to have a live DJ or worry about changing records yourself.

3. AccuBeat Mix is an simple, easy to use beat and mix software application for Mac that is available as a download from the internet. The program allows users to mix and match beats seamlessly, manually or automatically. Though it lacks some of the fun, visual features of a program like Djay, it is available as a free demo, and the entire program can be purchased for cheap.

Tags: iTunes library, your iTunes, your iTunes library, available download, between songs, designed visually, designed visually simulate

Fix A Nikon Digital Camera Coolpix L11 Lens

Resume photography once your Nikon Coolpix L11's lens is fixed.

The L11 is a point-and-shoot digital camera produced by Nikon as part of their Coolpix line. Like other Coolpix cameras, the L11 is compact and ideal for the vacationing family photographer or traveling professional. A small lens which extends out from and retracts back into the camera body is what makes the L11 pocketable, but it is also prone to error after rough handling. If your lens is stuck in the extended position and won't retract, you can correct the problem without spending money on a costly repair.

Instructions

1. Locate the seam between the lens' outermost turret and the camera body. Inspect the circumference of the seam, looking for any uneven sections or debris which may be lodged in it.

2. Point the nozzle of a can of compressed air at the seam and fire short bursts around the circumference. This should dislodge any material preventing the lens from retracting.

3. Tap the padded cover over the USB port against the hard edge of a table. Occasionally this will reseat a misaligned lens and allow it to retract.

4. Lay the camera on a table so that the lens points upwards. Place both thumbs on the lens' front-most turret and apply downward pressure until you hear an audible click. This noise signals that a misaligned lens has been reseated.

Tags: camera body, misaligned lens

Connect Directv Hd Dvr To A Dvd Recorder

Television programs, unfortunately, never air according to our schedules. As people we tend to get very busy and we find ourselves wanting to relax in front of the television because it is relatively cheap, safe and we do not have to go anywhere to see it--just to the comfort of our own living room or television. With the invention of the VCR and now, subsequently, the DVR we can save our much loved television shows and movies directly to the hard drive that is included inside the DirecTV receiver. The bad side to this technology is not being able to take it with us. We are paying to watch the shows which gives us limited ownership to them so now we an add a DVD recorder to the rest of our video equipment so that we can record from the DVR to the DVD recorder. Read on to learn connect DirecTV HD DVR to a DVD recorder.

Instructions

1. Connect the satellite receiver with DirecTV HD DVR to the television set and make sure everything is working properly.

2. Connect the DVD recorder to the television set according to the directions in your manual that came with the unit.

3. Using the S-video cable connect it to the S-video input on the television set to the S-video input on the DVD recorder.

4. Disconnect the composite cables that are connected to the DirecTV HD DVR.

5. Reconnect the composite cables you disconnected in Step 4 to the composite cable output located on the back on the back of the DVD recorder.

6. Use the audio video cables that came with the DVD recorder and connect them into the input terminals of the DVD recorder and plug the other end of the audio video cable into the output terminal on the DirecTV HD DVR.

Tags: audio video, cables that, came with, composite cables, S-video input

Calculate Telescope Aperture

Aperture size can be used to make other calculations when used with correct formulas.

Aperture on a telescope is the size of the primary lens (called the objective lens) at the front end of the tube body, in the case of a refractor telescope, or large reflective mirror at the rear end of the tube body on a reflector telescope. The aperture of the mirror or lens itself can be measured in inches diameter and then converted to millimeters in diameter. The aperture diameter size, in millimeters, can then be used to find theoretical minimum and maximum magnifications and focal length of the telescope. Focal length is needed when buying viewing lenses.

Instructions

1. Measure the diameter of the objective lens or opening at the front of the telescope tube body. If the telescope is a refractor, it will have a thick glass objective lens at the front. To measure the aperture for a refractor, use a measuring ruler to measure from the edge of one side of the lens to the edge of the other size of the lens. For a reflector, measure from one side of the inside lip of the opening at the front of the telescope, to the inside of the lip on the other side of the opening. If the ruler doesn't have a measurement scale in millimeters, convert inches to millimeters by multiplying the number of inches times 25.4 for the total number of millimeters. This is the total diameter, in millimeters, for the aperture of your telescope.

2. Calculate the theoretical minimum and maximum magnifications the aperture provides, using the calculated aperture width in diameter, by using that diameter in the following formulas. Minimum power = D/6; Maximum power = D/1.58. "D" stands for "Diameter" of the aperture, in millimeters. If the telescope aperture is 8 inches, it has 203.2 millimeters. The minimum power of this aperture is 203.2 divided by 6, for a total of 33.866 magnitude. The maximum power of this aperture is 203.2 divided by 1.58, for a total of 128.607 magnitude.

3. Determine focal length of the telescope using the aperture diameter, in millimeters, and the advertised focal ratio of the telescope. If the telescope you purchased is sold with the focal ratio advertised as f/5, for example, and continuing with the knowledge that the aperture diameter of the telescope is 203.2 millimeters, multiply 203.2 times 5, which then results in a focal length calculation of 1,016 millimeters focal length.

Tags: focal length, aperture diameter, objective lens, tube body, aperture divided, aperture divided total, diameter millimeters

Set A Directv Reciever To Change Channels Automatically

DirecTV has designed their satellite receivers to make TV viewing more organized for their customers. Setting your receiver to autotune will guarantee that you won’t miss your favorite shows.

Instructions

1. Access the Guide. To open the guide on your system, press the “Guide” button on your remote. The DirecTV Guide lists the movies, sports, shows and music options available. You can preview the coming shows for up to nearly two weeks in advance by using the arrows on your remote control to scroll forward and backward.

2. Search for a show. To open the search screen press the “Menu” button on the remote, highlight the “Search for Shows” option and press the “select” button. Select the kind of search and use the remote to enter the letters into the field. The system will bring up possible shows as you input the letters.

3. Set autotune. Once you have chosen the show you would like to watch, highlight it on the guide and press the “Select” button. On the left side of the screen, highlight the autotune option and press “Select.” From here, you can access all of the options for setting your sautotune.

4. Set the time to start and stop the show. Some of the channels on DirecTV do not follow the schedule to the second. The shows may start a few minutes early or late. You can choose for your sautotune several minutes early, or you can also set the sstop late so you won't miss the end. Set the start and stop time you prefer and select “Autotune as Set.”

5. Review your autotuned shows. To access a list of shows that you have scheduled to autotune, press the “List” button on your remote. There you can also set the autotune to reoccur under the “Manuals” option. Select "Manuals" and set the available options, including Autotune, where you can select for the autotune to reoccur. Choose "Channel" to set the channel to tune to. Select "When" to choose a day to autotune. "Start" will set the time it will begin. and “Duration” determines how long the autotune should run.

6. Watch your show. As you are watching television, an autotune reminder will appear on the lower-right corner of your screen. You can choose to allow the reminder or cancel it. If you do not respond to the prompt, the receiver will proceed with the autotune. If you have set a DVR or VCR to record the show, make sure that the receiver is on.

Tags: your remote, autotune reoccur, button your, button your remote, minutes early

Use A Nikon Mll3 With D80

The Nikon ML-L3 remote control allows photographers to operate their cameras wirelessly. This is a great option for times when you would ordinarily use a cable shutter release such as self portraits or where reduced camera shake is necessary. This remote works with Nikon's line of digital camera bodies, including the Nikon D80. Synchronizing the two pieces of equipment requires a few simple steps of preparation.

Instructions

1. Place the Nikon D80 on a stable, flat surface or mount it on a secure tripod.

2. Turn on the D80 camera by rotating the power switch to the "On" position.

3. Select your camera's shooting mode by using the dial on the upper left side of the camera. The remote works with all of the camera's shooting modes, including manual. If you are using the manual mode, select your shutter speed and aperture using the main command dial.

4. Press and hold the self-timer button while rotating the main command dial until the control panel displays "Delayed Remote" or "Quick Response Remote." "Delayed Remote" uses a timer to delay the exposure, while "Quick Response Remote" takes the picture instantly. Once this is complete, the remote and camera are in sync.

5. Compose your photograph, and then aim the ML-L3 at the camera and press the shutter release button on the ML-L3 to take the photograph.

Tags: camera shooting, command dial, Delayed Remote, main command, main command dial, Quick Response, Quick Response Remote

Canon Camcorder Troubleshooting

The latest Canon camcorders are technically advanced, high-definition marvels that take shots a full TV crew would've been needed for just a few years ago. Should you run into any problems, check the basics first. Make sure there's a power supply; check to see if the battery is charged. Basic recording problems would involve checking to make sure the camcorder is on and a memory card is inserted. Playback problems could mean the camera isn't in playback mode or there aren't any recordings on the card. If you've checked these items and are still having problems, follow these steps.

Recording

If pressing "Start/Stop" doesn't start the recording, check that the memory isn't full or that the camcorder isn't still writing to the card. If the movies aren't being recorded properly, check that the card hasn't been overused. The card can fill up with redundant data over time, even if you delete movies as you go. Reformatting the card in the camera will solve this.

Playback

If you can't add scenes to the playlist, remember that the playlist holds a maximum of 999 scenes. If you are having other problems with scene--you can't delete a scene, for example--check that the scene hasn't been recorded on another device. Good reliability will only result if you use the Canon for creating and editing scenes. Use editing software if you want to mix and match.

Indicators

A battery icon that is lit red indicates an exhausted battery. The battery icon can also sometimes have a little question mark in it. This means the camera can't communicate with the battery. In both cases, just recharge the battery. If the flash icon--the lightning bolt--flashes on the screen, the camcorder has malfunctioned. Reboot and, if it still flashes, send the camera in for service.

Picture

If the screen appears too dark, the LCD may have become dimmed. Hold the "Disp" button down for two seconds and the screen should restore to its original brightness. Video noise on the screen can indicate electrical noise. Move away from power lines or other electromagnetic fields, like plasma televisions. Horizontal bands can be caused by fluorescent lights. It's not a malfunction--it's inherent in the camera's sensor technology. To alleviate it, move the camera to to a manual setting like "Shutter Priority."

Sound

Distortion can be caused by loud noise. Adjust the recording level manually or activate the microphone attenuator to solve this problem. No sound at all can be caused by the speaker volume being turned off or an audio cable that's been disconnected. Also check to make sure the AV terminal isn't set to headphone output.

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Separate Stuck Photo Filters

Filters thread into the front of a camera lens.

Photographic filters are sometimes difficult to remove from a lens. Polarizing filters seem to be especially hard to remove, perhaps because they receive frequent twisting because of their adjusting ring. Wrenches and friction tools are available to help get that stubborn filter off the end of a lens.

Instructions

1. Turn a stuck filter counterclockwise with a filter wrench to remove it. These tools are thin pieces of plastic that compress onto the sides of a filter and have handles that allow you to turn the filter free. Most photo stores sell them. Use caution, however, because the plastic is easily broken when too much force is applied.

2. Turn a jar opener counterclockwise to free a stuck filter. You may find these tools in the kitchenware section of a store. They are inexpensive tools similar to the filter wrench, but far more robust. The only problem with using them is their wider jaws may make it difficult to grab just the filter and not the lens barrel. When used with care, however, they perform well.

3. Remove a filter using a piece of rubber sheet to provide extra friction. Simply place it over the filter and turn it counterclockwise. Specialized tools are available, but this is remarkably similar to a jar-lid remover.

4. Free a filter with a specialized gum rubber lens ring tool. This tool looks like nothing more than a rubber stopper for a bottle, but it's made of soft gum rubber that provides more friction. They come in various sizes, so select one that will engage the filter's outer ring, not the glass. Hold it in place firmly and turn counterclockwise. An alternative may be found in the plumbing section of a hardware store.

5. Remove a filter with pliers as a last resort only. You will destroy the filter doing this. Grasp the lens firmly in one hand. With the other, grasp the outer ring of the filter using the pliers. Pay attention to where the pliers may go if they slip suddenly. Keep your elbows in against your body, so if the pliers slip, your hands won't move more than an inch or two.

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Connect A Webcam To A Digital Camcorder

Connect a Webcam to a Digital Camcorder

Webcams are specialized digital camcorders used exclusively to stream audio and video through an Internet connection to another computer user. If you already have a digital camcorder and don't want to purchase a separate webcam, you can use a converter cable and a third party video capture software program to connect your camcorder to the computer and use it just like it was a webcam.

Instructions

1. Check to see if your digital camcorder uses an AV connector cable or if it already has a Firewire or USB cable attached. Check the ports on the back of your computer if your camcorder only has an AV cable to determine if your computer's graphics card accepts an AV input. Purchase either an AV to USB converter cable or an external video capture card that has an AV input (see Resources).

2. Connect the digital camcorder's AV plugs into the converter cable or plug the USB cable for the external video capture card into a USB port on your computer. Plug the AV cables into the video capture card if you are using one.

3. Double-click the icon on your computer's desktop for your web browser. Click on the navigation toolbar and navigate to website that offers a video capture software program such as "TrackerCam" (see Resources).

4. Find the downloads area of the website. Click on the download link and then click on "Save File." Wait for the installation file to finish downloading and then click on the "My Computer" icon on the desktop. Find the downloaded file and double-click on it. Follow the installation instructions that will appear to install the video-capture program.

5. Double-click the desktop icon that will appear to open the video capture program. Change the setting on your digital camera to the "Video" setting. Open the video conferencing program you want to use to open a video chat session such as Yahoo Messenger or MSN Video. Click on the video chat icon and then double-click the option for the video capture program you downloaded earlier to initiate the chat session and use your digital camcorder as a webcam.

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Restore Car Battery Acid

Restore Car Battery Acid

Suppose you spill sulfuric acid out of your car battery somehow. Or maybe you've measured the voltage and it's significantly below 12 volts. You might think that restoring this lost acid is a matter of buying acid solution and pouring it in. Actually, the chemistry is subtler than that. You can acidify a solution by dropping in salt-in this case, magnesium sulfate. Sulfur has accumulated on the plates over time and that serves as a sulfur source as well.

Instructions

1. Put on safety gloves and glasses. Turn off the ignition, remove the car battery from its cables and place it in a well ventilated place to work on.

2. Remove the plastic cell caps if the battery is serviceable. If it's sealed, use a drill on the top plastic to open each cell. The battery will have "shadow marks" where the top of each cell is. You'll plug these holes with hole caps that you can find at any hardware store.

3. Heat a quart of distilled water in your microwave, though not to boiling. Around 150 degrees F is right. Mix in 10 tbls. of Epsom Salts (magnesium sulfate).

4. Pour this solution into the holes in the battery, filling them up to the marked levels on the battery.

5. Charge the battery overnight with a charger you plug into a wall socket. This is advisable because a car's alternator works well only if the battery has not been deeply discharged. A charger that performs three-step regulated charging is the best.

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Repair A Digital Photo Frame

Digital photo frames display your family photos in a continuous slide show.

Digital photo frames are a wonderful way to display and share your photos with family and friends. Digital photo frames come in sizes ranging from small desktop models to larger frames that can be mounted on a wall. These frames take what would otherwise be a static display and presents your photos in a continuous slide show. Digital photo frames are not complex items; they contain a power coupling, a memory card reader, a processor that displays the photos, an LCD screen and frame holding everything in place.

Instructions

1. Examine the digital photo frame to determine the cause of the malfunction.

2. Insert the memory card into your computer to see if there are photos loaded on the card. If your card has no images, then there will be nothing for the frame to display.

3. Plug the power cord into a different wall outlet. If your frame is not turning on, it may be the outlet or power cord itself.

4. Unplug the digital photo frame from the wall and remove the back of the digital photo frame and inspect the wires that run from the power switch, the memory card reader, the processor and the LCD screen. If any of these wires are disconnected, use a soldering gun to re-attach them.

5. Insert the power cord into the digital photo frame, plug the cord into the wall outlet, turn your frame on and it should be ready to be used again.

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Types Of Transistor Biasing

A transistor is a semiconductor used for amplification or switching electrical signals. A transistor contains three terminals to connect with an external circuit. Biasing is the bias point on the output of the DC emitter voltage and the flow of current controlled by a transistor. Biasing networks are used when circuits are made with discrete circuit devices. There are various types of transistor biasing, detailed here.

Bipolar Transistor Biasing

A type of bipolar transistor biasing is an amplifier. Bipolar transistor amplifiers must be biased in order to operate. With Class A amplifiers, you can use different types of bias circuits, such as fixed bias, emitter bias and collector-stabilized biasing circuit.

Bipolar Junction Transistor Biasing

In bipolar junction transistor, the bias point enables the transistor to operate in active mode. The bias point stabilizes the current and the Q-point DC voltage. The bias point determines the operating point (biasing); you must not shift the transistor to any position.

RF Power Transistors Biasing

A power transistor includes two components on one semiconductor die. You must bias the two transistor components. A network couples the transistor component terminals in the middle of a ground and a bias voltage. One transistor component is biased first, Class A operation. Another transistor component is biased second, Class B operation.

Field Effect Transistor Biasing

You must bias a field-effect transistor with two voltages. One electrode must be polarized from a voltage biased through a transistor. The transistor must be in saturable load operation. The saturable load's gate and main transistor's gate are connected and supported by two bias voltages. The saturable load's gate voltage follows the main transistor's voltage.

Lateral Power Transistor Biasing

A lateral power transistor contains one drift region and a well region. Both regions contain high amounts of silicon. Place the second silicon region laterally from the well region. When biasing the transistor, a current flows through the drift region in a lateral position in between the two silicon regions.

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